T216 Specification
Power Output..............................….….……………………………………………………………………....100 HP
RPM...........................….……………………………………………………………......................40,000 (Est.)
Compressor.............….……………………………........................Single Stage Centrifugal Impeller
Air Mass Flow.......................….………………………………………………………………………………..........N/A
Pressure Ratio..............….……………………………………………………………………......................3 (Est.)
Combustion Chamber....….………………...................Reverse Flow Single Can with Torus Scroll
Turbine.........................….……………………………………………………………....................Radial Inflow
Layout..........................Single Spool Overhung with Reduction Gearbox. 3,600 rpm Output
Starting.......................….………………………………………………………………......................Hand Crank
Ignition..................................................High Energy Exciter with Generator, Pilot Burner
Fuel System.................….…;…………………………………………….......Hydro-mechanical Fuel Control
Lubrication..................................….………………………………………......Wet Sump Return System
Oil Spec.............................….…………………………………………………...............0-133 MIL-L-6081C
Accessories......................….……………………………………………………………………………...............None
Weight.......................….………………………………………………………………………........................50 kg
Application..........................................Industrial Stationary Engine, Fire Pump, Education
Fuel Consumption..........….…………………………………………………………………………….....................N/A
Dimensions.................….……………………………………………………........................3' Square Approx

Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG (KHD) T312 (BMW Aerospace)

T312 Specification
Power Output..............................….….……………………………………………………………………....140 HP
RPM...........................….……………………………………………………………......................64,000 (Est.)
Compressor.............….……………………………........................Single Stage Centrifugal Impeller
Air Mass Flow.......................….………………………………………………………………………………..........N/A
Pressure Ratio..............….……………………………………………………………………......................4 (Est.)
Combustion Chamber....….……………….…..........Reverse Flow Annular with Vaporising Burners
Turbine.........................….……………………………………………………………………..........two-stage axial
Layout....................….………………………………..……..single shaft with reduction gear at hot end
Starting.......................….…………………………………………………………………………………..electric starter
Ignition......................................….…………………………........High Energy Exciter, Pilot Burner
Fuel System.................….…;…………………………………………….......Hydro-mechanical Fuel Control
Lubrication........…………….…dry-sump return system with oversize pump for hydraulic supply
Oil Spec.............................….……………………………………………………….……………….......Mil-L-23699
Accessories......................….……………………………………………………………………………...............None
Weight.......................….………………………………………………………………………........................30 kg
Application.............................….………...secondary power system APU(SPS) on Tornado Jet
Fuel Consumption..........….…………………………………………………………………………….....................N/A

Another hand-crank started stationary engine the KHD T216. A small utilitarian power unit intended for use with pumps and generators. A simple but quality built engine with a power output of some 100HP. Compared to a diesel or petrol engine of the day it would have been much lighter in weight! Fuel consumption for a unit of this size is high compared to a reciprocating engine, it would typically use over 10 gallons per hour.

The magnificent but complex T312 is a single shaft APU designed for aircraft. One of a family of small but powerful power plants and the only one to be mass produced for fitment to the Tornado multi-role aircraft. An unusually laid out engine, the power take-off and reduction gearbox are at the back near the engine hot-section, a layout necessary when adopting a twin shaft layout but this unit is a single shaft design. The power take-off and gearbox could have been mounted at the front near the compressor a much cooler location! Perhaps the original design was going to be a twin shaft layout like a British Plessey Solent for example.

An intricate and complex engine originally fitted with a two stage compressor, later versions used just a single re-worked impeller type compressor. The oil system is used to provide an external hydraulic force and is consequently built for a greater capacity than what is required for the engine  and gearbox alone.

The T312 APU formed part of the Tornado Secondary Power System (SPS), when on the ground the aircraft systems could be driven by the APU independently of the main engines (RB199) and also used for starting them.

Deutz T216 Layout

KHD T312 Mechanical Layout

Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG (KHD) T216

KHD T117 Turbojet Engine-

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KHD T117 Specification

Power Output...........................….………………………..........Up to 236 Lbs thrust
RPM..........................................….……………….....45,000 estimated maximum
Compressor...........….……...Centrifugal Impeller PR 5.5:1 Mass Flow 1.6kg/sec
Combustion Chamber...…......Reverse Flow Annular with 12 vaporising burners
Turbine.......................….……...........….………………………….....1 Stage Axial Flow
Layout.....................….….….......Single Spool with Accessory Gearbox in Nose
Starting.....................….….......….………………………………..........Air Impingement
Ignition................................….……………............Tourch Igniter with HT Plug
Fuel System............................Engine Driven Gear Pump , Electronic Control
Lubrication...............Return System, Engine Driven Gear Pump, Integral Tank
Oil Spec.................................….…………………........Aeroshell 390, MIL-L-7808
Accessories..........................….………………...........Alternator mounted in nose
Weight.................................….………………………………………………….............23Kg
Application........................................……………….……………..Target Drone/RPV

Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG (KHD)

Below Magnificent: The Rotor system from the MK2 KHD T312 SPS